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The past decade has witnessed a surge of pricing innovations in the US telecommunications industry. This volume systematically reviews recent innovations in the economic theory of pricing and extends results to conditions that characterize telecommunications markets. It then examines the implementation of normative pricing theory in selected US telephone tariffs. The experience accumulated in the United States provides a rich and diverse data base and a laboratory for examining the practical consequences of pricing innovations. Throughout this volume the objective is to develop and illuminate the relationships between the normative economic theory of pricing--with its objectives of social welfare, economic efficiency, and fairness--and telecommunications pricing as it is practiced by business and regulators. In particular, the new pricing schemes are related to the theory of multiproduct and nonlinear pricing. The book describes the welfare and competitive properties of such pricing schemes and draws conclusions for future pricing problems in the areas of broadband networks and open network architecture. Many of the general theoretical pricing principles and lessons from US pricing experience should prove directly applicable to telecommunications services in other countries and to other industries, including electricity and natural gas supply, air and rail transportation, and postal and parcel services.

If you’ ve participated in the energy and power markets on any level, you’ ve probably spent a considerable amount of time searching for the best ways to manage the risks associated with these unstable and sometimes erratic markets. In Energy and Power Risk Management, experts Alexander Eydeland and Krzysztof Wolyniec unveil the latest developments in modeling, pricing, and hedging within the energy and power markets, so you can begin to successfully assess and manage the risks of the complex derivative structures that are part of your portfolio. If you’ re involved with energy and power assets and derivatives, you need a firm understanding of techniques specific to energy and power markets– and this book delivers. Energy and Power Risk Management opens with a brief introduction to the energy market, describing everything from oil and gas to electricity and emissions. You’ ll receive a detailed primer on the most frequently encountered products in these markets– including a variety of energy-related spreads, electricity futures, and natural gas options– and learn how to effectively implement them on a regular basis. You’ ll also learn how to interpret the special properties of data used in energy models and how to gain a better understanding of the information that drives them. After laying down a solid foundation, Energy and Power Risk Management moves on to explore the pricing and hedging models appropriate for these markets.

Office of Gas and Electricity Markets - The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), working for the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA), is the government regulator for the electricity and downstream natural gas markets in Great Britain. It was formed by the merger of the Office of Electricity Regulation (OFFER) and Office of Gas Supply (Ofgas).

Platts - Platts is a major provider of energy information around the world that has been in business for more than a century and is now a division of McGraw-Hill. Their major product is industry news and price benchmarks for the oil, natural gas, electricity, nuclear power, coal, petrochemical and metals markets.

Gas absorption refrigerator - The absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that utilizes a heat source to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling system rather than being dependent on electricity to run a compressor. These refrigerators are popular where electricity is unreliable, costly, or unavailable.

Gas lighting - Gas lighting is the process of burning piped natural gas or coal gas for illumination. Before electricity became sufficiently widespread and economical to allow for general public use, gas was the most popular means of lighting in cities and suburbs.

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